User:ShaoTang

Collective modes and Broken Symmetry

1,What is symmetry in physics?

A symmetry transformation is a change in our point of view that does not change the result of possible experiments.In particular, a symmetry transformation that is infinitesimally close to being trivial can be represented by a linear unitary operator that is infinitesimally close to be trivial can be represented by a linear unitary operator that is infinitesimally close to the identity: $U=1+i\epsilon t$

with $\epsilon$ a real infintesimal.For this to be unitary and linear,t must be Hermitian and linear, so it is a candidate for an observable.Indeed, most(and perhaps all) of the oberservables of physics, such as angular momentum or momentum, arise in this way from symmetry transformations.

The set of symmetry transformations has certain properties that define it as a group.(From The Quantum Theory Of Fields Volume I,Steven Weinberg)

For a continous symmetry,Noether's theorem states that there exists a correspoding conservation law.

2,Symmetry breaking: Explicit symmetry breaking Explicit symmetry breaking indicates a situation where the dynamical equations are not manifestly invariant under the symmetry group considered.

Spontanous symmetry breaking Spontaneous symmetry breaking where the laws are invariant but the system isn't because the background of the system, its vacuum, is non-invariant. Such a symmetry breaking is parametrized by an order parameter.

3,Why broken symmetry in low tempreture?